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Current Research Focus Areas

HIVAN's multi-disciplinary team, consisting of the Directors and a number of Associates, has identified and is currently pursuing four particular research areas. This research agenda will progressively be augmented in response to changes in the nature of the epidemic, new medical treatments, emerging societal needs, and consultation within the university and broader research community.

1. Research Focus 1:
   
   Community-Driven Models and Responses
   
   In the absence of large-scale state capacity and resources, all projections are that the HIV/AIDS epidemic will require vast voluntary and 'third sector' intervention and support over the next decade. The primary objective of this programme is to document community-driven HIV prevention and AIDS care initiatives with a view to analysing their potential to support, complement and augment state-sponsored efforts to address the disease and its multiple societal impacts. Particularly close attention will be given to recording and evaluating the efficacy of community-driven models and to identifying and actively promoting successful 'indigenous' models. Not only is the programme openly advocatory in its objectives, but it will also incorporate community and individual empowerment interventions aimed at stimulating grassroots-defined responses to the epidemic, particularly among those most severely affected by HIV such as women, adolescents, and youth.
   
   
2. Research Focus 2:
   
   Vertical Transmission and Paediatric HIV
   
   Members of HIVAN's research team are currently engaged in a concerted programme of research in the area of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV and paediatric HIV. This research includes studies of HIV transmission during birthing, post-natal transmission through breastfeeding, the efficacy of the anti-retroviral (ARV) drug Nevirapine in preventing vertical transmission, and a range of other aspects of paediatric HIV. Much of this work is ongoing and will shortly be supplemented by one or a number of MTCT-plus studies that will track the efficacy of supplementing Nevirapine treatment with other ARV therapies administered to mothers. Like its predecessors, the MTCT-plus work is likely to have a significant impact on public health policy and could well lead to further progress in respect of broadening public access to ARV treatments.
   
   
3. Research Focus 3:
   
   The Clinical, Psycho-Social, Domestic and Community Contexts of ARV Treatment Regimes
   
   Although greeted with widespread approval, responses to the recent announcement by provincial health ministries of their intention to make Nevirapine available through public health facilities have been tempered by declarations of concern about systemic and environmental inadequacies likely to hinder efficient and effective implementation. Much the same concerns will apply if other ARV therapies are ultimately to be administered through the public health system, not least of which will be the difficulty of ensuring adequate adherence to these regimes on a life-long basis. This research programme, to be conducted jointly by the biomedical and social scientists on HIVAN's core team - and hopefully other partners from throughout the University and the province's research community - will examine the uptake of Nevirapine in biomedical and sociological terms, and it will collect the kind of data required to inform the process of introducing other ARVs into the public health system in the future. The study will focus particularly on the environmental, social and cultural factors that are likely to impinge upon (but also possibly enable) the success of ARV treatment regimes, with a view to identifying the various barriers and problems faced by HIV-positive people in presenting for and adhering to ARV treatment; the long-term familial and social implications of widespread uptake of ARV therapies; and ways in which the capacity and goodwill of family members, local civic organizations, and communities at large may be empowered to participate constructively in the process of managing ARV treatment regimes.
   
   
4. Research Focus 4:
   
   African Models and Lessons
   
   Insofar as the HIV epidemic is in more advanced phases in other African regions, it is critical that mistakes made there are not repeated in South Africa in the future, and that information about programmes that are successful elsewhere in Africa is fed into nascent HIV/AIDS-related initiatives here. This research programme will compile an evaluated resource base of HIV/AIDS-related research, training, and intervention initiatives, primarily from elsewhere in Africa but also, where relevant, from other parts of the world, and it will monitor the progress of these initiatives on an ongoing basis. Not only will the outcomes of this research bolster HIVAN's online data-base, but the programme will also produce a quarterly updating brief that will be mailed electronically to all of the stakeholders registered with the HIVAN data-base.

Other Research Activities

Other mechanisms and activities aimed at boosting HIV/AIDS scholarship in KwaZulu-Natal include:

• A Visiting Scholars Fellowship Programme to bring to KwaZulu-Natal high calibre scholars from Africa and elsewhere who have the potential to contribute their experience and expertise to the HIV/AIDS research enterprise in the province;
  
  
• A multi-disciplinary academic seminar series intended to foster exchange of knowledge and ideas, as well as future collaborative work, among scholars from across academia and the various private and public research bodies in KwaZulu-Natal;
  
  
• Cross-sectoral workshops and an annual symposium aimed at both stimulating research partnerships and identifying new research needs and priorities in collaboration with non-academic stakeholders; and
  
  
• Provision of research planning advice and research capacity-building for agencies within non-academic sectors, with a particular emphasis on civil society organisations, who themselves wish to pursue research to satisfy their own needs.

HIVAN Research and Intervention Programmes

CORE RESEARCH PROJECTS

Project title: Partnership for HIV Research in KwaZulu-Natal: The Clinical, Social, and Domestic Contexts of HIV/AIDS Treatment Regimes
Project durations: 2003 ? 2008
Project principals: Professors Eleanor Preston-Whyte (KwaZulu-Natal) and Richard Parker (Columbia)
Research partners: Mailman School of Public Health, University of Columbia
Community partners: Emmaus Hospital, Ekhuphileni Clinic and McCord Hospital
Geographic area: McCord Hospital, uThukela District and Cato Manor area of Durban
Funder: National Centre for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM), National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA
Description: This study, which is made up of three sub-projects, focuses on the contextual, social and cultural factors that are likely to impinge upon (but also possibly enable) the success of ARV treatment regimens. The purpose is to identify the various barriers and problems faced by HIV-positive people in presenting for and adhering to ARV treatment, the long-term familial and social implications of widespread uptake of ARV therapies, and ways in which family members, local civic organisations and communities at large can participate constructively in the process of managing ARV treatment regimens. The research is operating in conjunction with an ethnographic research training and mentorship programme. The second Ethnographic training programme will commence in August 2004.

Sub-project 1: Clinic Ethnography: Mothers, Children, Caregivers and Community
Project leaders: Professors Hoosen Coovadia ( KwaZulu-Natal), Anna Coutsoudis ( KwaZulu-Natal), Zena Stein (Columbia), Pamela Collins (Columbia) and Dr Robert Sember (Columbia)

Sub-project 2: Domestic Ethnography: Mothers, Children and Orphans
Project leaders: Professors Claude Mellins (Columbia) and Sean Jones ( KwaZulu-Natal)

Sub-project 3: Community Ethnography: From Vulnerability to Empowerment
Project leaders: Professor Eleanor Preston-Whyte ( KwaZulu-Natal), Dr Ida Susser (CUNY) and Dr Robert Sember (Columbia)

Project title: Prevent AIDS: Network for Cost-Effectiveness Analysis [PANCEA]
Project duration: (2003 ? 2004)
Project principals : Prof Hoosen Coovadia ( KwaZulu-Natal) , Drs Jim Kahn (California), Elliot Marseilles, Mattias Lundberg (World Bank), Geoff Garnett (Imperial College), Joseph Saba (Axios), Anne Reeler (Axios) and Stef Bertozzi (Mexico)
Research partners : Institute for Health Policy Studies (IHPS), University of California, San Francisco (UCSF); Research Group, World Bank, Washington; Imperial College, London; Axios International; Institute for Public Health, Mexico
Community partners: Not applicable
Geographic area: Uganda, Mexico, South Africa, Russia and India
Funders: Funding for project management, training, development of the project instruments and analysis was secured from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), AIDS Office, USA, through the IHPS, UCSF. As the strategic advice consultant to the South African team, Axios International is funding HIVAN?s participation in the study. Resources are also drawn from The Atlantic Philanthropies grant.
Description: This is a five-country study (India, Mexico, Russia, South Africa and Uganda) with 200 sites, the overarching goal of which is to examine the relationship between spending on HIV prevention programmes and desired prevention outputs in resource-poor settings. HIVAN is responsible for the South African component, which is being conducted across forty sites, largely in KwaZulu-Natal. Findings on the Voluntary Counselling and Testing and Commercial Sex Worker Studies are now available and were presented at the XV International AIDS Conference, Bangkok, Thailand.

Project title: Community Responses to HIV/AIDS in KwaZulu-Natal: Youth, Peer Education and Home-Based Care
Project duration: 2002 ? 2005
Project principals: Professor Catherine Campbell (London School of Economics), Ms Carol-Ann Foulis (KwaZulu-Natal) and Ms Yugi Nair (KwaZulu-Natal) Research partner: London School of Economics
Community partners: YMCA (Youth) and Mzunduzi community-based organisations (Home-based care)
Geographic area: Adams Mission (Winkelspruit) and Mzunduzi
Funder: The Atlantic Philanthropies
Description: The project is founded on the premise that partnerships, and the capacity to initiate, develop and sustain such bonds, are key strategies in the fight against HIV/AIDS. The project examines the notions of ?participation? and ?partnership? in HIV/AIDS peer education and home-based care interventions and the opportunities that exist to mobili se and sustain such initiatives in resource-poor settings. The work is being conducted to provide guidelines for best practice and theoretical frameworks to inform policies and interventions for strengthening local community responses to HIV/AIDS. The research team is already using its findings on home-based care to develop interventions for grassroots communities. These interventions will take the form of strengthening local partnerships and mobili sing capacity. The findings of the research are being developed into reference material for AIDS service organisations and volunteers. Three posters and one oral presentation from this project were presented at the XV International AIDS Conference, Bangkok, Thailand.

Project title: The Leaders of Tomorrow (LOT) Project: Towards Community-Driven Strategies for Orphans and Vulnerable Children
Project duration: 2003 ? 2008
Project principals: Professor Eleanor Preston-Whyte (KwaZulu-Natal), Dr Patricia Henderson (KwaZulu-Natal), Dr Claire Kerry (KwaZulu-Natal), Ms Zanele Mchunu (KwaZulu-Natal), Ms Phumzile Ndlovu (KwaZulu-Natal) and Ms Xolisile Zondo (KwaZulu-Natal)
Research partner: WorldVision and Philakahle Wellbeing Centre
Community partner: uThukela District Child Survival Project
Geographic area: Tugela District of KwaZulu-Natal
Funder: Rockefeller Brothers Fund and National Institutes for Health (NIH)
Description: This programme builds on a set of existing orphan-care interventions in the uThukela region and is designed to assess their efficacy and to develop models for future practice. The objectives are threefold : (1) to produce a richly textured ethnographic account of children?s experien ces of and perspectives on loss and orphanhood, relying as much on their own testimony as is ethically possible to obtain; (2) a series of practical strategies for ameliorating and strengthening the positions of orphans and other vulnerable children; and (3) an analysis of these materials to identify both their needs and the deficits of their lives and their strengths and the potentialities inherent in their circumstances.

Project Title: Seeking Children?s Truths
Project duration: 2003 - ongoing
Project principal: Jill Kruger (KwaZulu-Natal)
Research partners: Professor David Donald (University of Cape Town) and Ms Glynis Clacherty (Clacherty and Associates)
Job shadow participant: Michael Manana, Centre for Children in Need, Uganda
Community partners: Thandanani Chidlren?s Foundation, Pietermaritzburg
Geographic area: Pietermaritzburg
Funders: Mellon Foundation and Carnegie Corporation
Description: This project investigates the specific developmental vulnerabilities and coping strengths of children living in child-headed households compared to those living in adult-headed households in poor communities in the greater Pietermaritzburg metropolitan area. It relies heavily on participatory research methods and also involves training of NGO programme staff in these methods. The final report on the study conducted with Thandanani Children?s Foundation is in preparation.

ASSOCIATED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Project title: Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in Exclusive Breastfeeding versus Formula Feeding
Project duration: 2002 ? 2007
Project principals: Profes sors Hoosen Coovadia (KwaZulu-Natal), Anna Coutsoudis (KwaZulu-Natal) and Dr Nigel Rollins (Africa Centre) Research partner: The Africa Centre for Population Studies and Reproductive Health and the Department of Paediatrics, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal
Community partner: Not applicable
Geographic area: Mtubatuba district of KwaZulu-Natal
Funder: The Wellcome Trust
Description: To investigate HIV transmission associated with exclusive breastfeeding.

Project title: Histo-compatability Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) Typing and Epitope to Guide HIV Vaccine Design
Project duration: 2001 ? 2006
Project principals: Professors Hoosen Coovadia (KwaZulu-Natal), Bruce Walker (Harvard) and Philip Goulder (Oxford), Dr Photini Kiepiela (KwaZulu-Natal) Research partner: Division of AIDS, Harvard University; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University; Department of Paediatrics, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal
Community partner: Ekhuphileni Clinic
Geographic area: Cato Manor
Funder: National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA
Description: Determination of the epitopes targeted by the cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte (CTL) responses in persons infected with non-B-Clade viruses and non-Caucasian individuals infected with B-Clade viruses.

Project title: Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte (CTL) Mediated Control ? Paediatric/Adult C-Clade Infection
Project duration: 2000 ? 2005
Project principals: Professors Hoosen Coovadia (KwaZulu-Natal) and Philip Goulder (Oxford), and Dr Photini Kiepiela (KwaZulu-Natal)
Research partner: Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University; Department of Paediatrics, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal
Community partner: Ekhuphileni Clinic
Geographic area: Cato Manor
Funder: National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA
Description: To characterise the immune responses, in particular the T-cell responses, of HIV-infected adults and children infected with the C-Clade virus. To identify the immune responses that are associated with control of viraenia or with increased susceptibility to disease.

Project title: Paediatric Anti-HIV Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte (CTL) in B and C-Clade Infection
Project duration: 2002 ? 2005
Project principals: Professors Hoosen Coovadia (KwaZulu-Natal) and Philip Goulder (Oxford), and Dr Photini Kiepiela (KwaZulu-Natal)
Research partner: Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University; Department of Paediatrics, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal
Community partner: Ekhuphileni Clinic
Geographic area: Cato Manor
Funder: Elizabeth Glaser Paediatric AIDS Foundation
Description: To understand why children infected with HIV progress more rapidly as a group, compared to adults with the disease.

Project title: The Role of Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) Structured Treatment Interruption (STI) in the Management of Paediatric HIV Infection
Project duration: 2002 ? 2005
Project principals: Professors Hoosen Coovadia (KwaZulu-Natal) and Philip Goulder (Oxford), and Dr Photini Kiepiela (KwaZulu-Natal)
Research partner: Oxford University and Department of Paediatrics, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal
Community partner: St Mary?s Clinic
Geographic area: Mariannhill
Funder: Bristol-Myers-Squibb?s ?Secure The Future? Initiative
Description: To examine the potential for Complete Anti-retroviral Therapy (CART), initiated in early paediatric infection, followed by subsequent supervised treatment interruption (STI), to boost HIV-specific immunity.

Project title: Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) for Paediatric HIV Infection: A Pilot Study of the Most Cost-Effective Therapy to Compare Continuous versus Intermittent Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Children
Project duration: 2002 ? 2005
Project principals: Professors Hoosen Coovadia (KwaZulu-Natal) and Raziya Bobat (KwaZulu-Natal), Dr Photini Kiepiela (KwaZulu-Natal)
Research partner: Department of Paediatrics, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal
Community partner: Philani Clinic (King Edward Hospital)
Geographic area: Congella, Durban
Funder: Bristol-Myers-Squibb?s ?Secure The Future? Initiative
Description: To devise safe, affordable and effective anti-retroviral regimens for children in developing countries .

Project title : HIV-Associated Kaposi's Sarcoma: A randomised, double-blinded trial comparing the effects of Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) to the combination of Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) with chemotherapy
Project duration: 2003 ? 2005
Project principals :Dr Anisa Mosam (PI) (KwaZulu-Natal) , Professors Hoosen Coovadia (KwaZulu-Natal) , Sharon Cassol (Africa Centre) , T aryn Page (Africa Centre), Edana Cassol (Africa Centre), Uvani Bodasing (KwaZulu-Natal), Gerald Friedland (Yale), David Scadden (Harvard Medical School), Jamila Aboobaker (KwaZulu-Natal), Umesh Lalloo (KwaZulu-Natal) , Runjan Chetty (KwaZulu-Natal) , Johannes Jordaan (KwaZulu-Natal), and Dr Halima Dawood (KwaZulu-Natal)
Research partner: Department of Dermatology, King Edward VIII Hospital, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Community partner:Dermatology Clinic (King Edward VIII Hospital)
Geographic area: Durban
Funder: This project has not been funded to date; however, funding has been secured for 2004 from the National Research Foundation, South Africa
Description: Kaposi?s Sarcoma AIDS Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) Trial - A prospective, randomised trial comparing the response of HIV Kaposi's Sarcoma to Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) versus the standard of care.

Project title: Neutralising Human Monoclonal Antibodies: Study in HIV-exposed babies
Project duration: 2003 ? 2005
Project principals: Professor Hoosen Coovadia (PI) (KwaZulu-Natal), Dr Selvan Pather (Prince Mshiyeni Hospital), Derseree Archary (KwaZulu-Natal), Professor Mark Mirochnik (Boston Medical Centre), Dr Howard Cabral (Boston University), Dr Ruth Ruprecht (Dana-Farber Cancer Institute), Moiz Kitabwalla (Dana-Farber Cancer Institute)
Research partner: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Community partner: Prince Mshiyeni Hospital
Geographic area: Umlazi, Durban
Funder: National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA
Description: The goal is to conduct a Phase I/II trial to determine the safety, dosage, pharmaco-kinetics and autologous maternal isolate neutralisation as well as preliminary efficacy of human nmAbs administered to HIV-infected infants and later on, to HIV-exposed but uninfected infants.

Project title: HIV Prevention Trial Network (HPTN) 046
Project duration: 2004 ? 2007
Project principles: Professor Hoosen Coovadia (PI) (KwaZulu-Natal), Dr. Laura Guay (John Hopkins University, Baltimore), Dr Saidi Kapiga (Harvard School of Public Health), Dr Yvonne Maldonado (Stanford University School of Medicine), Dr Daya Moodley (Kwazulu-Natal)
Research partner: John Hopkins University, Harvard School of Public Health, Stanford University School of Medicine
Community partners: Prince Mshiyeni Hospital ? South Africa, Muhimbili Hospital - Tanzania, Mulago Hospital - Uganda, Chitungwiza Clinics - Zimbabwe
Geographic area: Durban, South Africa; Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Kampala, Uganda; Harare, Zimbabwe
Funder: National Institutes of Heath (NIH), USA
Description: A Phase III trial to determine the efficacy and safety of an extended regimen of Nevirapine in infants born to HIV-infected women to prevent vertical HIV transmission during breastfeeding.

Project title: Evolution of HIV-1 in Perinatal Infection
Project duration: 2001 - 2003
Project principals: Professors Hoosen Coovadia (KwaZulu-Natal) and Rodney Phillips (Oxford) and Dr Tilly Pillay (Oxford / KwaZulu-Natal)
Research partner: Professors J Moodley (KwaZulu-Natal) and M Adhikari (KwaZulu-Natal)
Community partner: King Edward Hospital - Department of Paediatrics and Child Health and Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Geographic area: Umbilo, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal
Funder: Elizabeth Glaser Paediatric HIV/AIDS Foundation (USA), Medical Research Fund (University of Oxford, UK), Nuffield Foundation, Department of Medicine, Oxford University (UK)
Description: This basic clinico-pathogenetic study will attempt to evaluate viral antigenic variants that arise in a highly select group of HIV infected pregnant women in Durban South Africa, who are at significant risk of transmitting HIV-1 to their babies in spite of Nevirapine prophylaxis, and whose babies are likely to progress rapidly with disease. It intends to study how the virus evolves under maternal immune pressure, and whether this evolution influences transmission of the virus, as well as further evolution in the newly infected infant. This study combines clinical and immunological studies with viral sequencing and evolutionary modelling (based on longitudinally sampled mother-baby pairs). Data from this model may influence thinking as to what sort of immune response may be elicited with a peri-natal vaccine. For example, selective transmission of CTL escape variants may foil attempts of vaccination with monogenic constructs in such high-risk babies no matter how conserved the locus they encode nor how immunogenic they might be.

COMMUNICATIONS AND CAMPAIGNS

Project title: ?Deadly Myths?? Documentary
Project duration: 2003 ? 2004
Project Principal and Producer: Jill Kruger (KwaZulu-Natal)
Directors: Ramadan Suleman (Natives at Large) and Shaun Cameron (Striking Pictures)
Community partner: The Bergville and Chatsworth communities, KwaZulu- Natal
Geographic area: South Africa
Donors: The Atlantic Philanthropies; Carnegie Corporation of New York; Open Society Foundation of South Africa
Description: A 50-minute documentary on the subject of myths and misconceptions surrounding the HIV/AIDS pandemic. This documentary was screened at the recent XV International AIDS Conference, Bangkok, Thailand.

Project title: Book in production: ?By Children For Children?
Project duration: 2003 ? 2004
Project principal: Jill Kruger (KwaZulu-Natal)
Project partner: MIET (Media in Education Technology)
Community partner: Street-Wise, Mariannhill, Durban and Sinikithemba AIDS Care Centre, McCord Hospital
Geographic area: Durban
Funders: UNESCO; First Congregational Church of Old Lyme
Description: A 32-page, bilingual book in isiZulu and English authored by a child, aged 10-14yrs, an orphan of AIDS, for other children. The pilot study was conducted in October 2003 at Street-Wise to generate text and illustrations and to highlight potential pitfalls in working with fragile children. Book authorship commenced in early 2004, with launch of the book planned for October 2004.

Project title: ?Art for Therapy?
Artists? Action Around AIDS (AAAA)
Project duration: 2003 ? ongoing
Project principals: Jill Kruger (KwaZulu-Natal) and Bren Brophy (KwaZulu-Natal) HIVAN Job shadow participant: Mxolisi Ganto, Siyaya, Port Elizabeth
Community partner: Street-Wise, Mariannhill
Geographic area: Durban
Donor: UNESCO
Description: ?Art for Therapy? will comprise a series of workshops that, firstly, train care-givers in participatory work with children as well as the healing potential of art-making, and secondly, implement these skills in workshops with children. Pilot workshops were run in October 2003 and further workshops are planned in the second half of 2004.

Project title: Artists? Action Around AIDS (AAAA)
Project duration: 2003 ? ongoing
Project principals: Jill Kruger (KwaZulu-Natal) and Bren Brophy (KwaZulu-Natal)
Community partner: Various
Geographic area: Durban, Pietermaritzburg and Mtubatuba (KwaZulu-Natal)
Donor: Artists for Human Rights Trust, Atlantic Philanthropies and Carnegie Corporation
Description: AAAA explores the role of the cultural arts in the context of HIV/AIDS pandemic. Its specific focus is on public awareness and interventions that impact affected and infected communities. Current activities include a large scale visual arts exhibition presented at the Durban Art Gallery and the Africa Centre (Mtubatuba) in 2003, and the Tatham Art Gallery (PMB) from 22 June ? 29 August 2004; participatory photography developmental workshop and exhibition at Sinikithemba Care Centre, McCord Hospital, showing from 3 ? 16 August 2004; and a visual arts exhibition at Africa Centre (Mtubatuba) titled ?Children?s Rights and Community Voices? opens 20 August 2004 to co-incide with the Demography Congress (DEMSA). AAAA was also invited to exhibit at the NGO exhibition at the XV International AIDS Conference, Bangkok, Thailand, 11 ? 16 July 2004.

Project title: HIV Organisation Database (?AIDSDATA.org?)
Project duration: 2003 - 2004
Project principals: Professor Frederick le R. Booysen (Free State), Mr Anice Hassim (immedia) and Mrs Deborah Heustice (HIVAN)
Project Partners: immedia and the Centre for Health Systems Research and Development, University of the Free State
Geographic area: National
Funder: The National Department of Health
Description: This collaborative project has extended the HIVAN HIV/AIDS database, which has thus far focused on KwaZulu-Natal, to the remainder of South Africa. The national database will be available on the HIVAN website from early August 2004.

Project title: Hope and Healing UKZN Campus Outreach Programme
Project duration: 6 ? 10 September 2004
Project principals: Artist Action Around AIDS, HIVAN and UKZN AIDS Programme
Community partner: Various
Geographic area: University of KwaZulu-Natal
Donor: University of KwaZulu-Natal, Atlantic Philanthropies and Carnegie Corporation
Description: Multimedia cultural arts intervention focusing on health and wellbeing and targeted at UKZN students and staff